History of the Hebrew Language by David Steinberg

Edition 1.

20 September 2011

Observations on Tenses in Psalms

by David Steinberg

David.Steinberg@houseofdavid.ca

Home page http://www.houseofdavid.ca/

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See Tenses or Aspects in Biblical Hebrew

Note that in most instances, in the following examples the general context of meaning makes identification of verb as PC_{pret_sim}probable.

Table F

PC_{pret_sim}[1]without PC_pretWC or SC in the Same Verse Referring to the Past

Chapter & Verse of Hebrew Text	*Comments and Time Reference* (Reconstructed JEH Style Spelling; */EBHP/⁺where stress phonemic)	*English Translation(s)*[2]	*Masoretic* *Text*^{^[3]}
*A) PC_{pret_sim} Distinguished from the* *PC_imp* in **/EBHP/⁺by the of Stress*
18:7	PC_{pret_sim} אקרא - ˈʾiqraʾ (:ʾiqˈraʾ PC_imp) אשוע- ʾạˈšawwi^c (:ʾạšawˈwi^c PC_imp) ישמע- ˈyišma^c (:yišˈma^c PC_imp) תבא- ˈtabuʾ (:taˈboːʾ PC_imp)	In my distress I called upon the LORD; to my God I cried for help. From his temple he heard my voice, and my cry to him reached his ears.	בַּצַּר־לִי אֶקְרָא יְהוָה וְאֶל־אֱלֹהַי אֲשַׁוֵּעַ יִשְׁמַע מֵהֵיכָלֹו קֹולִי וְשַׁוְעָתִי לְפָנָיו תָּבֹוא בְאָזְנָיו׃
18:12	ישת - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈyašit (:yaˈšiːt PC_imp)	He made darkness his covering around him, his canopy thick clouds dark with water.	יָשֶׁת חֹשֶׁךְ סִתְרֹו סְבִיבֹותָיו סֻכָּתֹו חֶשְׁכַת־מַיִם עָבֵי שְׁחָקִים
18:17	ישלח - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈyišlaḥ (:yišˈlaḥ PC_imp) but note stress in יקחני ימשני not distinctive	He reached down from on high, he took me; he drew me out of mighty waters.	יִשְׁלַח מִמָּרֹום יִקָּחֵנִי יַמְשֵׁנִי מִמַּיִם רַבִּים
18:21	ישב - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈyašib (:yaˈšiːb PC_imp) but note stress in יגמלני not distinctive	The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands he recompensed me.	יִגְמְלֵנִי יְהוָה כְּצִדְקִי כְּבֹר יָדַי יָשִׁיב לִי
18:23	אסר - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈʾasir (:ʾaˈsiːr PC_imp)	For all his ordinances were before me, and his statutes I did not put away from me.	כִּי כָל־מִשְׁפָּטָיו לְנֶגְדִּי וְחֻקֹּתָיו לֹא־אָסִיר מֶנִּי
18:38	ארדף - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈʾirdup (:ʾirˈdup PC_imp) אשב - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈʾašub (:ʾaˈšuːb PC_imp) but note stress inואשגם not distinctive	`I pursued my enemies and overtook them,` `And I did not turn back until they were consumed.`	אֶרְדֹּוף אֹויְבַי וְאַשִּׂיגֵם וְלֹא־אָשׁוּב עַד־כַּלֹּותָם
18:40	תכרע - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈtakri^c (:takˈriː^cPC_imp) but note stress inותאזרני not distinctive	For you girded me with strength for the battle; you made my assailants sink under me.	וַתְּאַזְּרֵנִי חַיִל לַמִּלְחָמָה תַּכְרִיעַ קָמַי תַּחְתָּי
30:9	אקרא - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈʾiqraʾ (:ʾiqˈraʾ PC_imp) אתחנן - (PC_{pret_sim}) ʾitˈḥannan(:ʾitḥanˈnanPC_imp)	To you, O LORD, I cried, and to the LORD I made supplication	אֵלֶיךָ יְהוָה אֶקְרָא וְאֶל־אֲדֹנָי אֶתְחַנָּן
42:5	אעבר - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈʾi^cbur (:ʾi^cˈbur PC_imp) note stress in אזכרה ואשפכה אדדם not distinctive	These things I remember, as I pour out my soul: how I went with the throng, and led them in procession to the house of God, with glad shouts and songs of thanksgiving, a multitude keeping festival.	אֵלֶּה אֶזְכְּרָה וְאֶשְׁפְּכָה עָלַי נַפְשִׁי כִּי אֶעֱבֹר בַּסָּךְ אֶדַּדֵּם עַד־בֵּית אֱלֹהִים בְּקֹול־רִנָּה וְתֹודָה הָמֹון חֹוגֵג
47:4	ידבר - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈyadbir (:yadˈbiːr PC_imp)	He subdued peoples under us, and nations under our feet.	יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ וּלְאֻמִּים תַּחַת רַגְלֵינוּ
55:15	נמתק - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈnamtiq (:namˈtiːq PC_imp) נהלך- (PC_{pret_sim}) nạˈhallik (:nạhalˈlik PC_imp)	with whom I kept pleasant company; we walked in the house of God with the throng.	אֲשֶׁר יַחְדָּו נַמְתִּיק סֹוד בְּבֵית אֱלֹהִים נְהַלֵּךְ בְּרָגֶשׁ
68:15	תשלג - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈtašlig (:tašˈliːg PC_imp)	When the Almighty scattered kings there, snow fell on Zalmon.	בְּפָרֵשׂ שַׁדַּי מְלָכִים בָּהּ תַּשְׁלֵג בְּצַלְמֹון
73:17	אבא - (PCpret_simdP) ˈʾabuʾ (:ʾaˈboːʾ PC_imp) but note stress in אבינה not distinctive	until I went into the sanctuary of God; then I perceived their end.	עַד־אָבֹוא אֶל־מִקְדְּשֵׁי־אֵל אָבִינָה לְאַחֲרִיתָם
73:21	יתחמץ - (PC_{pret_sim}) ʾitˈḥammiṣ(:ʾitḥamˈmiṣ PC_imp) אשתונן- (PC_{pret_sim}) ʾišˈtōnan (:ʾištōˈnanPC_imp)	When my soul was embittered, when I was pricked in heart,	כִּי יִתְחַמֵּץ לְבָבִי וְכִלְיֹותַי אֶשְׁתֹּונָן
78:49	ישלח - (PC_{pret_sim}) yạˈšalliḥ(:yạšalˈliḥPC_imp)	He let loose on them his fierce anger, wrath, indignation, and distress, a company of destroying angels.	יְשַׁלַּח־בָּם חֲרֹון אַפֹּו עֶבְרָה וָזַעַם וְצָרָה מִשְׁלַחַת מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים
80:12	תשלח - (PC_{pret_sim}) tạˈšalliḥ (:tạšalˈliḥPC_imp)	it sent out its branches to the sea, and its shoots to the River.	תְּשַׁלַּח קְצִירֶהָ עַד־יָם וְאֶל־נָהָר יֹונְקֹותֶיהָ
107:20	ישלח - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈyišlaḥ (:yišˈlaḥ PC_imp) וימלט- (PCpret_sim) wạyạˈmalliṭ(:wạyạmalˈliṭPC_imp) but note stress in וירפאם not distinctive	he sent out his word and healed them, and delivered them from destruction.	יִשְׁלַח דְּבָרֹו וְיִרְפָּאֵם וִימַלֵּט מִשְּׁחִיתֹותָם
107:26	תתמוגג - (PC_{pret_sim}) ʾišˈtōnan(:ʾištōˈnanPC_imp) but note stress in יעלו ירדו not distinctive	They mounted up to heaven, they went down to the depths; their courage melted away in their calamity	יַעֲלוּ מַיִם יֵרְדוּ תְהֹומֹות נַפְשָׁם בְּרָעָה תִתְמֹוגָג
107:27	תתבלע - (PC_{pret_sim}) titˈballaġ(:titbalˈlaġPC_imp) but note stress in יחוגו וינועו not distinctive	they reeled and staggered like drunkards, and were at their wits' end.	יָחֹוגּוּ וְיָנוּעוּ כַּשִּׁכֹּור וְכָל־חָכְמָתָם תִּתְבַּלָּע
116:4	אקרא - (PC_{pret_sim}) ˈʾiqraʾ (:ʾiqˈraʾ PC_imp)	Then I called on the name of the LORD: "O LORD, I pray, save my life!"	וּבְשֵׁם־יְהוָה אֶקְרָא אָנָּה יְהוָה מַלְּטָה נַפְשִׁי
*B) Preterite,* *PC_jus and PC_imp. Identical in* **/EBHP/*
18:34	יַעֲמִידֵנִי (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	He made my feet like the feet of a deer, and set me secure on the heights.	מְשַׁוֶּה רַגְלַי כָּאַיָּלֹות וְעַל בָּמֹתַי יַעֲמִידֵנִי
18:39	אמחצם יכלו יפלו (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	I struck them down, so that they were not able to rise; they fell under my feet.	אֶמְחָצֵם וְלֹא־יֻכְלוּ קוּם יִפְּלוּ תַּחַת רַגְלָי
18:43	ואשחקם אריקם (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	I beat them fine, like dust before the wind; I cast them out like the mire of the streets.	וְאֶשְׁחָקֵם כְּעָפָר עַל־פְּנֵי־רוּחַ כְּטִיט חוּצֹות אֲרִיקֵם
18:44	תפלטני תשימני יעבדוני (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	You delivered me from strife with the peoples; you made me head of the nations; people whom I had not known served me.	תְּפַלְּטֵנִי מֵרִיבֵי עָם תְּשִׂימֵנִי לְרֹאשׁ גֹּויִם עַם לֹא־יָדַעְתִּי יַעַבְדוּנִי
18:45	ישמעו יכחשו (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	As soon as they heard of me they obeyed me; foreigners came cringing to me.	לְשֵׁמַע אֹזֶן יִשָּׁמְעוּ לִי בְּנֵי־נֵכָר יְכַחֲשׁוּ־לִי
18:49	תרוממני תצילני (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	who delivered me from my enemies; indeed, you exalted me above my adversaries; you delivered me from the violent.	מְפַלְּטִי מֵאֹיְבָי אַף מִן־קָמַי תְּרֹומְמֵנִי מֵאִישׁ חָמָס תַּצִּילֵנִי
44:14	תשימנו (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	You have made us the taunt of our neighbors, the derision and scorn of those around us.	תְּשִׂימֵנוּ חֶרְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵינוּ לַעַג וָקֶלֶס לִסְבִיבֹותֵינוּ
44:15	תשימנו (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	You have made us a byword among the nations, a laughingstock among the peoples.	תְּשִׂימֵנוּ מָשָׁל בַּגֹּויִם מְנֹוד־רֹאשׁ בַּל־אֻמִּים
74:6	יהלמון - yihlụˈmūn (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	And then, with hatchets and hammers, they smashed all its carved work.	]וְעֵת כ] (וְעַתָּה ק) פִּתּוּחֶיהָ יָּחַד בְּכַשִּׁיל וְכֵילַפֹּת יַהֲלֹמוּן
78:40	יַמְרוּהוּ - yamˈrūhu(ː) יַעֲצִיבוּהוּ - yamṣiːˈbūhu(ː) (PC_{pret_sim} and PC_imp)	How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness and grieved him in the desert!	כַּמָּה יַמְרוּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּר יַעֲצִיבוּהוּ בִּישִׁימֹון